Combined condylomatosis and Buschke-Loewenstein tumor: case report & systematic review

Objectives: An undesired manifestation of HPV is the transformation of infected cells into neoplastic cells, with the subsequent development of precancerous intraepithelial lesions and in some instances cancer. The generally benign manifestations of HPV include asymptomatic and subclinical disease as well as anogenital condyloma acuminatum, warts and verruccosis. Certain HPV manifestations are however associated with poor outcome for the patient, and these include giant and multiple condylomas such as Buschke- Löwenstein tumor (BLT), and respiratory papillomatosis and their relapses. These conditions decrease the patient’s life quality, and have the potential to progress to malignancy, and are a particular problem for practitioners. Management of these patients is complicated due to the absence of therapies that can eliminate HPV and prevent wart recurrence, or medication that can cure genital warts and condylomas. Indeed, although there are many clinical reports describing the aggressive manifestation of genital warts in immune compromised individuals, the triggering mechanisms for such atypical lesions is not yet understood. Our objective here is to present a case report of combined condylomatosis and BLT in a patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and simultaneously infected with six HPV genotypes (6, 11, 18, 31, 43 & 56), and to systematicly review the literature in order to provide a better insight into these conditions. Methods: Clinical and laboratory parameters as well as a video of surgery of female patient (30 ys) with combined condylomatosis and BLT (the informed consent was obtained). Clinical and research literature over the last 15 years focusing on the immunological aspects of papillomavirus interaction with the innate and adaptive immune systems, and interference with the cellular and humoral host responses. Particular attention is given to the nature of papillomavirus clearance and persistence. Conclusions: Atypical manifestation of HPV was in our case related to systemic disease involving an autoimmune host response and long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Our review confirms that such atypical manifestations and the long-term persistence of HPV are often linked to disturbances in the hosts immune system. More specifically these comprise changes in the content of lymphocyte subsets (helper, cytotoxic and regulatory T-cells), NK cells and macrophages at HPV infected sites and in the blood, as well as changes in lymphocyte function related to the expression of INF-<& ®, IL-2; IL-4, IL-10, TGF®‚ and other cytokines

PHENOTYPE FACILITIES OF LYMPHOCYTES IN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a feral herd disease caused by hantaviruses. HERS may be severe and its manifestations include acute renal failure, intoxication, hemorrhages and pain syndrome. Hantaviruses as pathogen of HFRS wield considerable influence on the character of the immune response, in particular, is capable of lymphocytic cytolysis suppressing. It was found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes along with NKT and CD8 + regulatory T cells play the key role in the immune mechanisms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This reduces of the activation of lymphocytes with cytotoxic properties are closely related to the expression of NKG2D lectin receptors. Immunological signs of heavy currents HFRS can serve as a lack of growth on the part of natural killer and a significant drop in the number of b-lymphocytes in the blood, correlative related to the increase in CD8 + regulatory T cells

Clinico-immunological effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection

We studied 44 patients with different complications of respiratory syncytial virus infection (bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, pneumonia). 29 patients were treated by recombinant interferon-α2b in the form of rectal suppositories (Viferon) as an addition medication to a common therapy. The results of clinical and immunological analysis showed that use of interferon in case of bronchitis or acute tonsillitis may be unreasonable, but it had relative indications in case of pneumoni

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS B

Hronic hepatitis B belongs to a category of socially significant diseases due to its wide abundance in the world and high frequency of unfavourable outcomes of this disease. Features of interaction of hepatitis B virus with human immune system, accompanying development of mechanisms of escape from immunological control, is the basis of development of chronic hepatitis B. Molecular-biological features of hepatitis B virus are the basis of the indicated mechanisms, and the content of this review is their examination. Herewith, stages of immunopathogenesis of this disease is the basis of characteristics of interaction of viral proteins with cells of immune system, and isolation of those is accepted in contemporary foreign literature

A New Methodological Approach to the Evaluation of the Course and Conduct of Therapy Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common pathological conditions worldwide. Liver disease is a major cause of death for these patients. We attempted to determine whether the order of HIV and HCV acquisition is important for the progression of liver fibrosis. In was shown that in patients younger than 35, the order of HIV and HCV acquisition has a crucial role in this process. In particular, the patients who acquired HIV as the first pathogen are at higher risk of progressive liver fibrosis and have higher HIV viral load and lower CD3(+)CD4(+) cell count

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND THE RISK OF LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS

The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the development of liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), depending on the order of pathogens acquisition. The fact is that the HIV/HCV coinfection is one of the most common pathological conditions worldwide and liver disease is a major cause of death for these patients. We have previously described the phenomenon, according to which the order of viral pathogens acquisition in HIV/HCV coinfected patients has a significant impact on the degree of progression of liver fibrosis. Introduction to clinical practice of antiretroviral therapy greatly increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients, however, the impact of ART on a progressive course of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients have not yet been definitively established

PHENOTYPE FACILITIES OF LYMPHOCYTES IN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a feral herd disease caused by hantaviruses. HERS may be severe and its manifestations include acute renal failure, intoxication, hemorrhages and pain syndrome. Hantaviruses as pathogen of HFRS wield considerable influence on the character of the immune response, in particular, is capable of lymphocytic cytolysis suppressing. It was found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes along with NKT and CD8 + regulatory T cells play the key role in the immune mechanisms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This reduces of the activation of lymphocytes with cytotoxic properties are closely related to the expression of NKG2D lectin receptors. Immunological signs of heavy currents HFRS can serve as a lack of growth on the part of natural killer and a significant drop in the number of b-lymphocytes in the blood, correlative related to the increase in CD8 + regulatory T cells

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND THE RISK OF LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS

The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the development of liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), depending on the order of pathogens acquisition. The fact is that the HIV/HCV coinfection is one of the most common pathological conditions worldwide and liver disease is a major cause of death for these patients. We have previously described the phenomenon, according to which the order of viral pathogens acquisition in HIV/HCV coinfected patients has a significant impact on the degree of progression of liver fibrosis. Introduction to clinical practice of antiretroviral therapy greatly increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients, however, the impact of ART on a progressive course of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients have not yet been definitively established

A New Methodological Approach to the Evaluation of the Course and Conduct of Therapy Patients Co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common pathological conditions worldwide. Liver disease is a major cause of death for these patients. We attempted to determine whether the order of HIV and HCV acquisition is important for the progression of liver fibrosis. In was shown that in patients younger than 35, the order of HIV and HCV acquisition has a crucial role in this process. In particular, the patients who acquired HIV as the first pathogen are at higher risk of progressive liver fibrosis and have higher HIV viral load and lower CD3(+)CD4(+) cell count